文献综述，英文叫Literature Review，主要是对现有文献进行归纳、总结、评价和解释，以理解并报告特定主题或问题上已有的研究成果。文献综述的核心在于发掘"research gap"，即未被充分探索的研究空白，从而确定合适的研究方法（methodology）。
曾经，我也像很多人一样，在文献综述上花费大量时间却总是得到平平的成绩，直到我掌握了正确的技巧。我发现，成功的Literature Review并不仅仅是堆砌信息，而是如何精准有效地提炼和呈现这些信息。
现在告诉你，写好Literature Review其实并不难，关键在于理解其结构并运用恰当的例句。掌握了这些，你也可以轻松写出高分的文献综述！
分析这一主题的细分领域已有什么研究:
Various studies have assessed the efficacy.
Researchers attempted to evaluate the impact of...
A great deal of previous research into X has focused on ...
从时间角度看前辈的研究:
During the past 30 years, much more information has become available
On...
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the1970swith..
从所采用的研究方法看前辈文献:
There are a number of large cross.
sectional studies which suggest...
Much of the previous research on X has been exploratory in nature...
Much of the X research has focused on identifying and evaluating the...
点评相关领域前辈的文献的优缺点:
More recent attention has focused on the provision of...
There are relatively few historical stu.
dies in the area of...
large and growing body of literature has investigated..
前辈的研究都得出了什么结论:
It is now well established from a variety of studies that...
A number of studies have postulated a convergence between...
描述过程:
To measure X, a question asking ... Was used...
To determine whether ..., the cells were incubated for...
To rule out the possibility that X, the participants were..
For the attitude questions, a Likert scale was used..
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