James Hartley教授提出了Discussion结构化写作的五步法，为学术论文的讨论部分提供了清晰的写作思路。以下是详细的步骤和示例：

目录
重述结论和成果
对比此次结果与以前结果
列出你的研究可能存在的局限性
提出针对局限性可能的解决方案
提出新的问题，并建议进一步研究
完整示例

Step 1：重述结论和成果

首先，需要对研究结果进行重述。这一步主要包括：

●解释结果

●说明如何从数据中得出结论

示例句子：

In this paper, we show that... 在本文中，我们展示了…

This study found that... 这项研究发现…

On the question of X, this study found that... 针对X问题，这项研究发现…

Step 2：对比此次结果与以前结果

●接下来，对比此次研究结果与之前的研究成果，指出相同点或不同点，并结合文献，说明此次研究是否支持已有观点或提出新的见解。

示例句子：

- This also accords with our earlier observations, which showed that... 这也符合我们之前的观察，表明…

- These results further support the idea of... 这些结果进一步支持了…的观点

- A possible explanation for this might be... 一个可能的解释是…

Step 3：列出你的研究可能存在的局限性

●讨论研究中的局限性是非常重要的，这有助于读者理解研究的范围和可能的不足之处。

示例句子：

- It is possible that these results are limited to... 这些结果可能仅限于…

- One limitation of this study is... 这项研究的一个局限性是…

- Another potential limitation is... 另一个潜在的局限性是…

Step 4：提出针对局限性可能的解决方案

●针对第三步提出的局限性，提出可能的解决方案或解释，以便为后续研究提供指导。

示例句子：

- Further work is needed to identify the... 需要进一步研究以确定…

- To address this limitation, future studies should... 为了解决这个局限性，未来的研究应该…

- One way to overcome this limitation is... 克服这一局限性的一种方法是…

Step 5：对于此试验进行条件变更，提出新的问题，并建议进一步研究

●最后，建议未来研究的方向，可以是改变实验条件或提出新的研究问题。

示例句子：

- In future investigations, it might be possible to use a different X in which... 在未来的研究中，可以考虑使用不同的X来…

- Future studies should explore... 未来的研究应该探索…

- Further research is needed to determine... 需要进一步研究以确定…

Tips

● 不要重复描述你的结果，所有结果写在results部分。

● 所有数据都在results部分展示，discussion不要引入新的数据。

● 不要使用太多专业术语，英语表达尽量简单的句子。

完整示例：

Step 1: Restate the findings

In this paper, we demonstrate how a new method improves the efficiency of X. We found that using this new method increased efficiency by 20%.

Step 2: Compare this result with previous results

This finding is consistent with our previous observations, indicating that this method can consistently improve efficiency under similar conditions. This also aligns with the results of Smith et al., who found that the improved method performed well in various application scenarios.

Step 3: List potential limitations of your study

However, these results may be limited to laboratory conditions. In practical applications, other factors such as changes in environmental temperature and humidity may influence the outcomes.

Step 4: Offer possible solutions to the limitations

Further work is needed to test this method in real-world environments to determine its broader applicability. Future research should also explore how to optimize this method under different environmental conditions.

Step 5: Suggest changes in experimental conditions, propose new questions, and recommend further research

In future studies, different experimental conditions, such as higher temperatures or different materials, should be considered to test the limits of this method. Additionally, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness and economic viability of this method on a larger scale.