英文写作容易出错的20个典型问题

在英语写作中，特别是非母语人士，经常会遇到一些典型的语言错误。这些错误可能导致理解困难，影响文章的质量和可选择性。以下是20个英语写作中常见的典型问题：

错误1：直接硬译中文

直接将中文翻译成英文，可能导致语法不通顺或者表达不准确。

不好：In China, some education enterprises conducted online education with a slogan of overturning traditional education.

较好：In China, some education enterprises described their work as overturning traditional education and conducted online education.

错误2：语言啰嗦

使用冗长或省略的修饰词，使得句子冗长冗长。

不好：This experience was the motivation for me to pursue study in mechanical engineering.

较好：This experience motivated me to pursue study in mechanical engineering

错误3：主语和宾语的语序颠倒

颠倒主语和宾语的语序，导致句子结构混乱，理解起来困难。

不好：Changing people’s perception of the nature of systems engineering is the key to the success of making positive changes in system science.

较好：The key to making positive changes in system science is transforming the perception of the nature of systems engineering.

错误4：对于以“Only”开头的强调式状语，未将动词反置在主语前面

未将动词安置在主语之前，导致强调的重点不清晰。

错误：Only by changing the work condition, it is possible for them to finish the project.

正确：Only by changing the work condition, is it possible for them to finish the project.

错误5：没有适时强调否定式

句子未适用时强调否定形式，可能导致意思产生歧义。

不强调否定：The performance or the durability of the engine has not been changed.

强调否定：Neither the performance nor the durability of the engine has been changed.

错误6：表达原因的写法不符合中文习惯

表达原因时，语言表达不够准确或不符合英语的表达习惯，使读者理解困难。

不好：I thought the reason was that I was not fluent in German.

较好：I thought this was because I was not fluent in German.

错误7：没有前置状语模板

句子缺乏主流状语短语，导致结构不完整或不清晰。

修饰关系清晰性较好：In China, some education enterprises described their work as overturning traditional education and conducted online education.

语意连续性较好：When I was young, my parents supported me in learning math.

特意强调性较好：During my four years of undergraduate study, I studied in Shanghai in mechanical engineering.

错误8：未将标注“with”和动习惯名词的状语主板变成动词从句，不符合英文表达

未将标注“with”和动名词的状语转换成动词从句，造成表达不够精准或流畅。

不好：His effort will be rewarded with his careful plan and persistent pursuing.

较好：His effort will be rewarded as he pursues his careful plan with persistence.

错误9：在表达使用手段的“with”、“by”、“using”之间存在混淆

在使用介词的措施上混乱或者不准确，使得句子表达不清晰。

不好：The gas temperature was measured with the thermocouple.

较好：The gas temperature was measured using the thermocouple.

错误10：忽略必须使用的从句时态

忽略从句的使用，或者有时使用不当，导致句子不完整或不准确。

错误：I found that there were numerous tools originated from modern technology.

正确：I found that there were numerous tools that had originated from modern technology.

错误11：误用被动语态，不符合中文习惯表达

误用被动语态，使得句子结构紧凑或者语义不明确。

不好：Some technologies are easy to be mastered and implemented by these companies.

较好：Some technologies are easy for these companies to master and implement.

错误12：介词多余

使用省略的介词，使得句子表达累赘或不规范。

错误：The analysis focus was on passing inspection.

正确：The analysis focus was passing inspection.

错误13：介词援助

缺少必要的介词，导致句子意思不完整或不清晰。

错误：The reduction in thermal efficiency caused by friction can be compensated by reducing heat transfer losses.

正确：The reduction in thermal efficiency caused by friction can be compensated for by reducing heat transfer losses.

错误14：介词安排错误

介词搭配不当，导致句子语法不准确或者模糊。

错误：They developed the product with joint efforts of external teams.

正确：They developed the product in a joint effort with external teams.

错误15：不定冠词“a”或“an”与定冠词“the”的不一致或失效

句子混乱或者取消冠词的使用，导致结构不规范或语义不明确。

错误：The maximum efficiency was 80%, obtained with the inlet gas velocity of 12 m/s.

正确：The maximum efficiency was 80%, obtained with an inlet gas velocity of 12 m/s.

错误16：用错单数和复数

单复数的使用不当，导致句子主谓不一致或者语法错误。

错误：At a temperature above 300 ℃, the thermal efficiency decreased slightly.

正确：At temperatures above 300 ℃, the thermal efficiency decreased slightly.

错误17：漏用撇号所有格形式

在名词所有格的使用上出现错误，使得句子结构不规范或者语义不清晰。

不好：The measurement point A was at the dust collector inlet.

较好：The measurement point A was at the dust collector’s inlet.

错误18：书名未使用斜体，或误用引号或中文书名号

在引用书名时，格式不正确，导致句子不规范或者格式混乱。

错误：I read the books of “Principles of Vibration” and《Fluid Mechanics》.

正确：I read Principles of Vibration and Fluid Mechanics.

错误19：论文或文章的标题未加引号，或误用斜体

在标题格式上出现错误，导致句子不规范或者格式混乱。

错误：I wrote a thesis titled Engine Performance Analysis at High-Altitude Conditions.

正确：I wrote a thesis titled “Engine Performance Analysis at High-Altitude Conditions”.

错误20：使用口语化的仪表用词

使用口语化或图表的表格，使得句子不够正式或者不适合学术写作。

总之，学习并克服这些典型的英文写作错误，有助于提高文章的质量和可信度，使表达更加准确和清晰。